(2:01) Teaching English at Oakland High in the late 1990s, Ernest Morrell faced the age-old problem of how to get modern students interested in a canon of long-dead writers and poets. He watched kids muddle through class, heads down, interest limited. Then one day, while teaching Beowulf, a student’s eyes lit up when he realized the story was similar to a popular rap song. That day, Professor Morrell saw a spark of joy, enthusiasm and engagement and wondered how he could give that spark to all his students.He started bringing in other contemporary tangents – pop culture references, movies, music – but without losing the basis in classic literature. His students were learning. They were engaged. And, most importantly, Professor Morrell says, they were learning to love school and love themselves.Since then, Professor Morrell has authored K-5 and 6-12 curricula which are being taught by schools in every state. He’s advocated for teaching that not only improves academic outcomes, but also personal and social ones. And he’s teaching Notre Dame undergraduates and ACE students to find that spark in their lives and the lives of those around them.Learn more: https://go.nd.edu/LiteracyAcrossAmericaWWYFF

(2:01) During Jayme Hentig’s career as an Army medic, he was comfortable caring for others every day. But in 2010, he went from caregiver to patient after an accident sent his armored vehicle into a rollover. As he grappled with a traumatic brain injury and struggled to regain his cognitive abilities, doctors eventually told him there were no more therapeutic options. But Jayme was undeterred and decided if there were no existing options, he would create them.After earning his undergraduate degree, Jayme came to Notre Dame to pursue a doctorate in biology. Working with zebrafish, he was able to better understand how and why brain cells regenerate. After graduation he will continue to study traumatic brain injuries in active-duty service members and veterans as a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institutes of Health.Learn more: https://go.nd.edu/MilitaryCommunityFF

(2:01) In 2014, Shawn Sexton ’88 was diagnosed with bulbar onset sporadic ALS. Realizing he would gradually lose his ability to walk, communicate and eat, he and his son, John, set out to create opportunities for independence. Together they designed EyeDrive, an assistive technology that allows Shawn to adjust and drive his wheelchair using eye gaze technology. EyeDrive is one of three current solutions provided by John’s startup, LifeDrive, which also provides voice- and caregiver-controlled solutions.John is now a junior at Notre Dame and a participant in the Grand Challenges Scholars Program, which, along with the IDEA Center, has helped move LifeDrive from an at-home project to an expanded medical device company. John continues to lead its progress to commercialization and distribution, and he hopes it will soon help other patients like his dad find more independence.“To try and get this to patients by the time that we graduate is daunting and challenging, but it pales in comparison to the needs of those patients that we’re trying to serve,” John says. He explains that getting LifeDrive to patients is so important because not only does it give them technology and independence, but it gives them hope. That hope, he says, can be life-giving.Learn more: https://go.nd.edu/DignityOfIndependenceFF

(2:01) Second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease in the world, schistosomiasis annually infects 200 million people and claims 200,000 lives. Another 800 million people are at risk, predominantly across Africa, eastern Latin America and southeast Asia. While there are existing cures, reinfection rates are very high.Jason Rohr, the Ludmilla F., Stephen J. and Robert T. Galla College Professor of Biological Sciences and chair of the biology department, works in more than 20 Senegalese villages alongside local partners such as Espoir Pour La Santé (EPLS) and Station d’Innovation Aquacole to address issues related to schistosomiasis.The infection is caused by a parasite that resides on snails, which live in weedy rivers and lakes where people drink, bathe, and launder. Rohr realized the number of parasites would decrease if the number of snails decreased, which could be achieved if the weeds decreased. Working alongside local partners in St. Louis, Senegal, they started weeding the water. Immediately, disease reinfection rates fell. What’s more, the villagers used the weeds to feed livestock and as compost fertilizer to increase food production. This became an added incentive for the community to remove the vegetation. A simple solution helped solve problems in disease, energy, and food scarcity.Learn more: https://go.nd.edu/InfectiousDiseaseWWYFF

(2:01) POTS, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, is an autonomic nervous system disorder that affects blood flow in between 1 million and 3 million Americans, typically women and young adults. Those numbers are growing as POTS and other forms of dysautonomia have been diagnosed as long-term impacts from COVID-19. The symptoms include fainting spells, seizures, respiratory issues and digestive trouble.Nina Kikel-Coury, a graduate student in Professor Cody Smith's lab, suffers from POTS which placed her at a higher risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. She needed to remain completely isolated during the pandemic and could no longer work alongside others in her research lab. But the team rallied around her.Her lab mates designated hours when Nina could work alone, and they continued her experiments when she couldn’t be present sending results via email or FaceTime. With all this support, Nina made a scientific breakthrough, discovering a new cell in the heart—cardiac nexus glia—which may help explain and treat conditions like hers.“Identifying cardiac nexus glia could have a huge impact, not only with the neuroscience field but also the cardiovascular field,” she says. “Currently no one knows why dysautonomia occurs in a lot of people. And so personally it’s really exciting to know that maybe we’re just one step closer to figuring out the cause of dysautonomia, and in particular, long term down the road maybe even POTS.”Read more: https://go.nd.edu/ResearchThatMattersWWYFF

(2:01) For parents of a child with Type 1 diabetes, stress is relentless. There’s a constant need to monitor blood sugar levels, and that need doesn’t stop once the child goes to sleep.Professor Matt Webber ’06 was inspired when a colleague mentioned she and her husband slept in shifts while the other monitored their diabetic child through the night. Since then, he has been devising material technologies that could be easily applied on or beneath the skin before bedtime. If blood sugar drops, the material automatically releases medication to stabilize levels. While distribution is still years away, Professor Webber hopes that in the future, his work will help take some of the burden off worried parents and serve as an extra measure of safety for millions with Type 1 diabetes worldwide.Read more: https://go.nd.edu/DiabetesWWYFF

(2:01) Back in the 1960s, the Apollo missions to the moon ushered in awe and wonder as astronauts seemed to push the boundaries of human capability. This spring, when NASA astronauts took flight with SpaceX, many of us tuned in once again to witness the possibilities of imagination and ingenuity. Space provides endless opportunities for exploration, from Mars to long-term living on the moon but there are risks to such endeavors, chief among them radiation. Physics professor Jay LaVerne is working with a team to redesign the Apollo-era-style space suits still worn by astronauts to make them safer, less cumbersome, and more capable.

(2:01) Across America, service providers are doing great work to tackle the complexities of poverty, but there is little data to prove what’s working and why. Notre Dame's Wilson Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities (LEO) helps service providers apply scientific evaluation methods to better understand and unleash effective poverty interventions.In 2012 Catholic Charities of Chicago approached LEO to assess its programming to determine if it was effectively keeping people off the streets. The problem, the charity explained, is that the success of call centers is often measured by the number of calls, rather than the number of people successfully kept in their homes. Could LEO researchers measure the call center’s effectiveness rather than volume?In 2016, Professor Bill Evans and his team found that people who received emergency funds from Catholic Charities were 76 percent less likely to become homeless, and to date, more than 700 families have been kept in their homes because of the program. This affirmative assessment proved the emergency grants were not just a temporary solution and were a cost-effective use of funds. Now other cities across the country are using Notre Dame’s work to inform their own strategies on homelessness prevention.Learn more: https://go.nd.edu/WWYFFHomelessness

(2:01) When a brachial plexus injury occurs, it tears the connection between the central and peripheral nervous systems. This can happen during childbirth or during car or motorcycle accidents. Unfortunately, after such an injury, the recovery rate is very low.Biology Professor Cody Smith's lab researches the development and repair of the nervous system. His lab is full of students working on issues that could impact a range of diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and POTS. As an undergraduate, Evan Nichols ’19, whose brother was born with a brachial plexus injury, asked to test a theory about this type of injury and made a radical discovery - a common chemotherapy agent might be able to help regenerate the connection if administered shortly after injury.Learn more: https://go.nd.edu/RepairTheBody

(2:01) In 2018, in the midst of a heatwave in Mati, Greece, wildfires broke out and quickly engulfed the seaside town. Tragically, more than 100 people died, thousands of properties and homes turned to ash, and the once idyllic tourist destination sat in ruin.In the wake of the disaster, Notre Dame architecture professor Michael Lykoudis received a call asking if he would assess the town and help design a plan for rebuilding. Moved by the devastation and motivated by his Greek heritage, he sprang to action. In the fall of 2019, Lykoudis and a group of fifth-year students traveled to Mati to meet with local residents and help determine the architectural needs of the town.Learn more: https://go.nd.edu/FFResilientCommunities

(2:01) For a new medical resident, or even an experienced doctor, the emotional toll of the job can be overwhelming. Dominic Vachon ’80, ’85 M.Div., a practicing psychologist, experienced it firsthand—he found himself burnt out, stretched thin, and emotionally detached from his patients, so eight years ago he came to Notre Dame determined to understand the scientific implications of compassion from a biological, neuroscientific, and psychological perspective. Now, Vachon is Notre Dame’s John G. Sheedy, M.D., Director of the Ruth M. Hillebrand Center for Compassionate Care in Medicine and is training the next generation of doctors to root their practice in compassion. “Compassion is essential for patient care and it's essential for the well-being of the clinician. The two go hand in hand,” Vachon explains. He underscores that compassion isn’t sentimentality, but is instead an applied use of skills, knowledge, and communication to foster successful doctor-patient relationships. Sam Grewe ’21 has seen the impact of compassion from the other side of medicine. When he was 13 years old, Grewe developed osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer, and was eventually required to amputate one of his legs. As a teenager undergoing treatments, surgeries, and therapies, he said his doctors, especially the ones who took the time to explain, who provided comfort, and who gave him a sense of agency, motivated him to work hard and do well. Now, he’s a Paralympic high jumper and is planning to attend medical school next fall.More: https://go.nd.edu/CompassionInMedicine

(2:01) When Dot Teso, the president of St. Michael Indian School on the Navajo Nation, wanted to expand her campus, she turned to Notre Dame’s School of Architecture. After years of partnering with Notre Dame’s ACE program and American Indian Catholic Schools Network, she had witnessed Notre Dame’s commitment to Catholic education, and she was confident the architecture faculty and students would bring the same commitment to design.She, along with Deswood Etsitty ’93, invited a group of undergraduates to the campus in Arizona to learn about Navajo culture, to meet the community members, and to start designing the campus’ first new building, a gym where the community can congregate.The students are trained in Classicism and were eager to incorporate Navajo art, culture and values into their designs. Several of those designs will serve as the basis of the school’s upcoming construction.Read more: https://go.nd.edu/BuildOnTradition

(2:01) In 1882, Notre Dame student Albert Zahm built a rudimentary wind tunnel to study wing and propeller shapes. He went on to launch glider experiments from the roof of LaFortune and to write influential aeronautics papers in the early days of human flight.In 2018, Notre Dame continued its commitment to aeronautics by building the country’s largest quiet Mach 6 wind tunnel. The tunnel, designed by engineering professor Thomas Juliano, will allow researchers to perform experiments on temperature distribution, aerodynamic designs and propulsion systems for hypersonic aircraft. Information gathered could influence everything from faster airplanes to outer space reconnaissance.Read more: https://go.nd.edu/FasterandFarther

(2:01) On a dusty plain in Amboseli National Park in Kenya, Notre Dame professor Beth Archie stands watching baboons and taking notes. The data she collects is part of one of the world’s longest-running primate studies in existence.The study has followed the same community of baboons since 1971, and its data can reveal important information about human health. Because studies of this tenure are nearly impossible in humans, the baboons, who share a 94 percent genetic similarity with us, can tell us a lot about ourselves. These days, Archie’s lab seeks to answer questions about how being part of a community impacts health. The results point to improved immune responses, resilience to trauma, and longer lifespans.Read more:

(2:01) When firefighters run into a burning building, they know the dangers associated with their job. But new research suggests firefighters are at risk before they ever leave the firehouse.Using a spectroscopic technique and the St. Andre particle accelerator, Notre Dame professor Graham Peaslee has found alarming amounts of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in firefighter gear. These chemicals have been linked to elevated rates of cancer and have also been found in fast-food wrappers, cosmetics, drinking water, carpet and flame retardants. He is now working to test many years of new and used gear to better assess the risks for firefighters.Professor Peaslee’s work in this area has encouraged several companies to reduce or eliminate PFAS, and the EPA and state legislators have also made policy changes. He hopes this new study will make firefighters safer, so they can continue to keep all of us safe.

(2:00) Marissa Koscielski ’17, ’18 M.S., was in eighth grade when she was told she wouldn’t walk again. A gymnastics accident and spinal mass had left her paralyzed on the left side from the waist down. But she was determined and decided to build her own device to facilitate her rehabilitation. With strings and tape and bits of therapy equipment, Marissa repurposed a walker to help her slowly walk, and then run, once more.The experience taught her there is a gap in the tools and technology available for those rehabilitating from severe injuries, illnesses, and amputations. After completing her undergraduate degree at Notre Dame, she entered the ESTEEM program—a one-year master of science program focused on entrepreneurship and commercialization—and launched Enlighten Mobility, a startup that designs specialized rehab technology. Today, all of the company’s employees are Notre Dame graduates. Enlighten Mobility has since created its first product, a gait trainer largely based on the one Marissa designed for herself. The walker and other upcoming inventions are enabling Marissa to help others walk again.Learn more: https://go.nd.edu/HelpOthersWalkAgain

(2:01) At the St. Joseph County Cyber Crimes Unit, eight Notre Dame undergraduates raised their right hands to be sworn in as law enforcement officers. They’re the only students in the country with that designation, and with it comes a host of responsibilities.The students are key in researching online activity, creating suspect profiles, executing warrants, and gleaning digital forensics from all confiscated media. They’ve seen cases ranging from drug trafficking to homicides, and have helped local law enforcement lock up perpetrators and set innocent suspects free. While beat cops and detectives are experts on the streets, the students are experts in social media and the Internet. They’ve taken a months-long backlog and reduced it to a matter of hours.While the students have been immensely helpful to the police force in South Bend, they are getting beneficial experience as well. The skills they’re honing are attractive to law enforcement, the FBI, technology firms, and consulting groups, and the internship is helping them stand out to potential employers.Learn more: https://go.nd.edu/UncoverTheEvidence

(2:01) In a given year, around 60,000 Americans experience advanced heart failure, and many of them need a heart transplant to survive. While 10,000 hearts are donated each year, nearly 7,000 of them are not used. About half are not healthy enough, and though the other half are fully functional, those hearts can’t get to the recipient within the four-hour window recommended for effective transplants.But thanks to a partnership between Notre Dame engineering professor Pinar Zorlutuna and the University of Florida, there may be a way to extend that window to eight hours, which would allow many more donated hearts to reach patients. Professor Zorlutuna has created a novel and ethical way of converting adult blood and skin cells to functioning, beating heart muscle. These heart cells are being used to test an improved preservative solution that lengthens a donated heart’s lifespan. This safe and inexpensive platform has allowed for treatments to be tested without using very precious donated hearts, and initial studies show promise for these solutions.Learn more: https://ntrda.me/FFHumanHeart Learn more about Professor Zorlatuna: https://go.nd.edu/WomenLeadZorlatuna

(2:01) In the wake of 9/11, Professor Ebrahim Moosa was overcome with frustration at the acts of violence being committed in the name of Islam. A devout Muslim himself, he had also been the target of a terrorist attack for speaking out against extremists.One issue, he realized, was that the curriculum being taught in madrasas, traditional schools of Islam, hadn’t been updated for centuries. It failed to engage with modern science, history, politics, and new research in religion. He thought he could teach some of these subjects to madrasa graduates to illustrate how Islam and modern life could peacefully coexist based on his own experiences. Those lessons, he believed, would be useful for the graduates in their engagement and education of their own communities.Thus, the Madrasas Discourses project was born at Notre Dame with an inaugural group of 55 Indian and Pakistani madrasa leaders. These students take weekly online courses with Professor Moosa and his colleagues and also meet twice annually. Two years later, Moosa claims the project is the most rewarding accomplishment of his life. The participants, too, are highly enthusiastic. Plans to expand the program and welcome students from sub-Saharan Africa are underway.As the Keough School of Global Affairs welcomes people from all nationalities, religions, and traditions to help solve the world’s challenges, Professor Moosa serves as a powerful example of how working collaboratively can make dramatic change.

(2:01) Professor Tim Weninger is searching for a way to make digital systems and social networks more secure. The engineering professor researches how humans behave in digital social networks, and how their interactions online can influence their decisions offline.The problem, he says, is that much of the information on the Internet is intentionally false with the hope of swaying readers and headline skimmers. But thanks to a partnership with Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Weninger and his colleagues are hoping to make the Internet safer, stronger, and more resilient.