A leading evolutionary hypothesis puts the RNA molecule—a messenger of genetic information and a builder of proteins—at the center of early life.

Known as the RNA World hypothesis, it argues that this molecule preceded both DNA and proteins. Establishing this theory and discovering the role RNA played in the evolutionary process is a goal of Annyesha Biswas, postdoctoral researcher in the laboratory of Saurja DasGupta, assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

At the beginning of early life, under this hypothesis, RNA was capable of almost all functions, and was the primary molecule responsible for storing genetic material and performing enzymatic functions.

“During the course of evolution, RNA transferred some of its roles to DNA and some of them to proteins,” Biswas said. “We are researching how the small pieces of RNA might have come together during this time to build functional RNA molecules capable of these functions.”

Her research aims to deepen our knowledge of the early evolutionary period. “Solving the RNA assembly problem is a major roadblock in understanding the origins of life,” Biswas said.

In addition to this, Biswas and her colleagues are looking into exploring RNA sequences that can sense the presence of lead in real life samples.

Biswas’ particular interest in RNA and research background in nucleic acids was one of her main reasons for coming to Notre Dame, as the DasGupta Lab was hiring just as she was finishing her doctoral degree. Notre Dame’s robust STEM programs were also a driving force behind her choice to conduct her work here.

“I love how collaborative Notre Dame is. Everyone I have come across has been so helpful, always willing to let me access their labs or tools,” said Biswas. “The people here are friendly and supportive, which is something I have found really differentiates Notre Dame.”

The support Biswas has had at Notre Dame has marked her time here. “The institution really prioritizes the professional development and goals of us postdocs, not just in the short-term, but in the long-term too,” she said.

Inspired by another researcher in her lab, Biswas has recently begun reading in her free time, and believes it will help her in the future. “I feel like reading is very important in developing your writing skills,” Biswas said. “I look forward to this hobby enriching me in the long run.”

Biswas’ investigation into RNA’s function, both in evolutionary history and modern day, exemplifies her commitment to advancing scientific understanding of this molecule.

Originally published by Anna Salentine at science.nd.edu on February 19, 2025.